ISIS and Global Jihad — Mains Questions

Analyze the ideological underpinnings and operational methods that allowed ISIS to establish a territorial caliphate. Discuss the challenges in countering its 'virtual caliphate' post-2019.

Examine the role of UN Security Council Resolutions and India's UAPA in combating the threat posed by ISIS. What are the limitations of these legal frameworks in addressing the evolving nature of global jihad?

Discuss the implications of ISIS's global affiliates, particularly ISIS-K and ISWAP, for regional and international security. What specific challenges do these affiliates pose for India's internal security?