Critical Information Infrastructure — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the institutional framework for Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) protection in India. Discuss the roles of NCIIPC and CERT-In, highlighting their coordination mechanisms and challenges.

The increasing convergence of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) systems poses new and complex challenges for Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) security. Elaborate on these challenges and suggest measures to enhance the resilience of CII in this evolving landscape.

Discuss the significance of the Information Technology Act, 2000, in safeguarding Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) in India. What are its limitations in addressing contemporary cyber threats to CII?

The 2020 Mumbai power grid cyberattack and the 2021 AIIMS ransomware incident exposed critical vulnerabilities in India's Critical Information Infrastructure. Analyze the lessons learned from these incidents and their implications for India's national cyber security policy.