Socio-Economic Impact — Legal Reforms

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
73rd Amendment	1992	Added Part IX to the Constitution, establishing Panchayati Raj institutions. However, its implementation in tribal areas was modified through PESA Act 1996 to account for traditional governance systems and special needs of tribal communities in conflict-prone areas.	Created democratic governance structures at grassroots level, but implementation in LWE-affected areas faces challenges due to security concerns and traditional tribal governance systems.
74th Amendment	1992	Added Part IXA establishing urban local bodies. Its impact in conflict-affected urban areas like Srinagar, Imphal, and some district headquarters in LWE regions has been limited due to security challenges and administrative difficulties.	Urban governance in conflict zones remains challenging, with limited effectiveness of municipal bodies in delivering services and promoting development.