Legal Framework — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the evolution of India's counter-terrorism legal framework, focusing on the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) and its 2019 amendments. Discuss the challenges in balancing national security with fundamental rights.

The National Investigation Agency (NIA) has emerged as a crucial institution in India's counter-terrorism efforts. Examine its powers, jurisdiction, and the challenges it faces in ensuring effective federal coordination.

Discuss how the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) serves as a critical tool in combating terrorism financing. What are the procedural aspects and challenges in its effective implementation?