Legal Framework — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the evolution of India's anti-terrorism legal framework, focusing on the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) and its 2019 amendments. Discuss the balance between national security imperatives and individual liberties.

The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) has been a subject of intense debate regarding human rights and national security. Discuss its provisions, criticisms, and the judicial pronouncements that have shaped its application.

Examine the role of judicial oversight in balancing the state's need for internal security with the protection of fundamental rights in India. Refer to relevant constitutional provisions and landmark judgments.