Salient Features — Landmark Judgments

Landmark Judgments

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala

1973

This landmark judgment established the 'Basic Structure Doctrine', holding that while Parliament has wide powers to amend the Constitution under Article 368, it cannot alter the…

S.R. Bommai v. Union of India

1994

This judgment significantly curtailed the misuse of Article 356 (President's Rule) by establishing that the President's satisfaction in imposing President's Rule is not beyond…

Minerva Mills v. Union of India

1980

This case struck down Clauses (4) and (5) of Article 368 inserted by the 42nd Amendment, which gave unlimited amending power to Parliament and placed constitutional amendments…

Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain

1975

This judgment invalidated the 39th Amendment which sought to place the election of Prime Minister beyond judicial scrutiny. The Court held that free and fair elections are part of…

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• Valid & invalid arguments
• Syllogisms
• Critical reasoning