Classification — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment	1976	Added Article 43A requiring the state to take steps to secure worker participation in the management of industries. This addition expanded the economic classification of DPSP by introducing industrial democracy as a constitutional obligation.	Strengthened the economic directive principles category and influenced labor legislation, though practical implementation remains limited. It represents the socialist orientation of the 1970s and adds a new dimension to worker rights beyond just wages and working conditions.
86th Amendment	2002	Modified Article 45 to make free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14 years a fundamental right (Article 21A) while changing the directive principle to focus on early childhood care and education for children below 6 years.	Transformed the social classification of DPSP by converting one directive principle into a fundamental right, demonstrating the evolution of constitutional priorities. This amendment shows how DPSP classification can change through constitutional development and how non-justiciable principles can become justiciable rights.

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