Constitutional Amendments — Landmark Judgments

Landmark Judgments

Shankari Prasad Singh Deo vs Union of India

1951

This was the first major case testing Parliament's power to amend fundamental rights. The Supreme Court held that Article 368 gave Parliament unlimited power to amend any part of…

Sajjan Singh vs State of Rajasthan

1965

The Court reaffirmed the Shankari Prasad position by a narrow 3:2 majority, upholding Parliament's power to amend fundamental rights. However, the strong dissent by Justices…

I.C. Golak Nath vs State of Punjab

1967

This landmark judgment marked a dramatic reversal of earlier positions. By a 6:5 majority, the Supreme Court held that Parliament could not amend fundamental rights as they were…

Kesavananda Bharati vs State of Kerala

1973

The most important constitutional case in Indian legal history, decided by the largest bench (13 judges) ever assembled by the Supreme Court. The Court established the 'basic…

Minerva Mills vs Union of India

1980

This case refined and strengthened the basic structure doctrine established in Kesavananda Bharati. The Court struck down clauses (4) and (5) of Article 368 inserted by the 42nd…

I.R. Coelho vs State of Tamil Nadu

2007

This nine-judge bench decision clarified the application of basic structure doctrine to laws placed in the Ninth Schedule. The Court held that laws added to the Ninth Schedule…

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