Parliament — Landmark Judgments

Landmark Judgments

Keshavananda Bharati vs State of Kerala

1973

This landmark judgment established the basic structure doctrine, limiting Parliament's constituent power to amend the Constitution. The Supreme Court held that while Parliament…

Minerva Mills vs Union of India

1980

This case further clarified the basic structure doctrine by striking down the 42nd Amendment's provisions that sought to place constitutional amendments beyond judicial review.…

Kihoto Hollohan vs Zachillhu

1992

This judgment upheld the constitutional validity of the anti-defection law (Tenth Schedule) while clarifying the scope of disqualification. The Court held that the Speaker's…

Raja Ram Pal vs Hon'ble Speaker, Lok Sabha

2007

This case dealt with parliamentary privileges and the extent of judicial review over parliamentary proceedings. The Supreme Court held that while courts cannot interfere with…

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Dense constitutional and IR passages mirror CSAT-style comprehension and argument evaluation—build those skills in parallel. CSAT hub.

• Valid & invalid arguments
• Syllogisms
• Critical reasoning