Composition and Jurisdiction — Landmark Judgments

Landmark Judgments

S.P. Gupta v. Union of India (First Judges Case)

1981

This landmark judgment initially established the primacy of the executive in judicial appointments, interpreting 'consultation' in Article 124 as not binding on the President. The…

Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India (Second Judges Case)

1993

This judgment revolutionized judicial appointments by establishing the collegium system, overruling the First Judges Case. The Court held that 'consultation' means 'concurrence'…

Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India (NJAC Case)

2015

The Court struck down the National Judicial Appointments Commission Act and the 99th Constitutional Amendment as violating the basic structure doctrine, particularly judicial…

State of Rajasthan v. Union of India

1977

This case clarified the scope of the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction under Article 131, particularly regarding disputes between States and the Union. The Court held that…

Keshavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala

1973

While primarily known for establishing the basic structure doctrine, this case also clarified the Supreme Court's role as the final interpreter of the Constitution and the scope…

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