Composition and Jurisdiction — Mains Questions

The collegium system of judicial appointments has been both praised for ensuring judicial independence and criticized for lack of transparency. Critically examine the collegium system and suggest reforms to make it more accountable while preserving judicial independence.

Analyze the role of the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction in maintaining federal balance in India. How has this jurisdiction evolved through judicial interpretation and what challenges does it face in contemporary times?

The Supreme Court's expanding jurisdiction through Article 136 and PIL has transformed it from a traditional appellate court to an active guardian of rights. Discuss the implications of this transformation for separation of powers and democratic governance.