Public Interest Litigation — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment	1976	While not directly related to PIL, the 42nd Amendment's attempt to curtail judicial review and its subsequent reversal created the constitutional context in which PIL emerged. The amendment tried to place certain laws beyond judicial scrutiny, leading to the post-Emergency judicial renaissance that gave birth to PIL.	The backlash against the 42nd Amendment's restrictions on judicial power contributed to the judiciary's more activist stance in the 1980s, creating the intellectual and constitutional environment for PIL's development as a tool for protecting constitutional rights and ensuring access to justice.

Also build Paper II skills

Dense constitutional and IR passages mirror CSAT-style comprehension and argument evaluation—build those skills in parallel. CSAT hub.

• Valid & invalid arguments
• Syllogisms
• Critical reasoning