Functions and Powers — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
73rd Amendment	1992	Added Part IX (Articles 243 to 243O) to the Constitution, providing constitutional status to panchayati raj institutions. Introduced the Eleventh Schedule listing 29 subjects that can be devolved to panchayats. Established the framework for three-tier panchayat system with mandatory elections every five years.	Transformed panchayats from traditional village councils to constitutional institutions of self-government, providing the legal foundation for democratic decentralization and rural empowerment across India.
Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act	1996	Extended panchayat provisions to tribal areas with special powers to gram sabhas including control over natural resources, minor forest produce, traditional dispute resolution, and approval of development projects affecting tribal communities.	Strengthened tribal self-governance and protected traditional rights while integrating tribal areas into the constitutional framework of panchayati raj, ensuring cultural sensitivity in local governance.

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• Valid & invalid arguments
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