Urban Local Bodies — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
74th Constitutional Amendment Act	1992	This landmark amendment added Part IXA to the Constitution, providing constitutional status to Urban Local Bodies. It mandated the establishment of three types of municipalities, introduced direct elections, reservation provisions, and listed 18 functions in the Twelfth Schedule. The amendment also provided for State Election Commissions, District Planning Committees, and Metropolitan Planning Committees.	Transformed urban governance by institutionalizing democratic local government, enhancing women's participation through reservation, and providing constitutional protection to municipal institutions. However, implementation varies across states, and many challenges remain in achieving true decentralization and empowerment of ULBs.

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