Community Development — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
73rd Amendment	1992	Added Part IX to the Constitution establishing Panchayati Raj institutions as constitutional bodies. Introduced Articles 243 to 243O covering composition, powers, elections, and functions of Panchayats. Added Eleventh Schedule listing 29 subjects for Panchayat governance including agriculture, land improvement, minor irrigation, animal husbandry, rural housing, drinking water, education, health, and poverty alleviation programs.	Transformed Community Development from government program to democratic governance system. Created constitutional framework for participatory planning, mandatory Gram Sabha meetings, social audit processes, and devolution of functions, funds, and functionaries to local governments. Established reservation for women and marginalized communities in local governance.
74th Amendment	1992	Added Part IXA to the Constitution establishing Urban Local Bodies as constitutional institutions. While primarily focused on urban governance, it created complementary framework for comprehensive area development approaches linking rural and urban local governments.	Enabled integrated development approaches covering rural-urban continuum. Established constitutional parity between rural and urban local governance, facilitating coordination for regional development planning and implementation of schemes covering both rural and urban areas.

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Dense constitutional and IR passages mirror CSAT-style comprehension and argument evaluation—build those skills in parallel. CSAT hub.

• Valid & invalid arguments
• Syllogisms
• Critical reasoning