Regulatory Mechanisms — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
SEBI Act Amendment	2002	Enhanced SEBI's enforcement powers by allowing it to impose monetary penalties, conduct search and seizure operations, and establish a more robust adjudication mechanism for securities law violations.	Significantly strengthened securities market regulation and investor protection, establishing SEBI as one of India's most effective regulators with comprehensive enforcement capabilities.
Competition Act Amendment	2007	Restructured the Competition Commission of India, separating investigative and adjudicatory functions by creating the Competition Commission (adjudication) and Director General (investigation) structure.	Improved due process in competition enforcement by ensuring separation of investigation and adjudication functions, enhancing fairness and effectiveness of competition law enforcement.
TRAI Act Amendment	2000	Separated TRAI's regulatory and adjudicatory functions by creating the Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT) to handle disputes and appeals from TRAI decisions.	Enhanced regulatory effectiveness by allowing TRAI to focus on policy and regulation while ensuring independent adjudication of disputes, improving overall telecom sector governance.

Also build Paper II skills

Dense constitutional and IR passages mirror CSAT-style comprehension and argument evaluation—build those skills in parallel. CSAT hub.

• Valid & invalid arguments
• Syllogisms
• Critical reasoning