Indian Polity & Governance·Landmark Judgments

Net Zero Commitments — Landmark Judgments

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Version 1Updated 5 Mar 2026

Landmark Judgments

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Vehicular Pollution Case)

1998

This landmark judgment established the constitutional mandate for environmental protection and led to the introduction of CNG in Delhi's public transport system. The Supreme Court…

Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India

1996

This case established the precautionary principle and polluter pays principle as part of Indian environmental jurisprudence. It emphasized that environmental protection is a…

Urgenda Foundation v. State of the Netherlands

2019

Though not an Indian case, this Dutch Supreme Court judgment is globally significant for climate litigation. It established that governments have a legal duty to protect citizens…

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