Right to Equality — Mains Questions

Critically analyze how the 'arbitrariness doctrine' has transformed the interpretation of Article 14, moving beyond the traditional 'reasonable classification' test. Discuss its implications for state action and individual rights.

The Indian Constitution embodies an 'Equality Paradox' by simultaneously guaranteeing equality and institutionalizing positive discrimination. Examine this paradox with reference to Articles 15 and 16, and critically evaluate the challenges in balancing individual merit with social justice.

Beyond constitutional provisions, discuss the legislative and judicial measures taken to ensure the effective implementation of the Right to Equality, particularly concerning vulnerable sections like Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Persons with Disabilities.