Civic Duties — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment Act	1976	This amendment, often called a 'Mini-Constitution,' added Part IVA to the Constitution, which comprises Article 51A. It introduced ten Fundamental Duties for citizens, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. This was a significant step towards balancing fundamental rights with citizen responsibilities.	Established the constitutional basis for Fundamental Duties, shifting the focus from purely rights-centric to a more balanced rights-and-duties framework. It aimed to instill a sense of discipline and national responsibility during a period of national emergency.
86th Amendment Act	2002	This amendment added the eleventh Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(k). It mandates that a parent or guardian must provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years.	Elevated the importance of education by making it a fundamental right (Article 21A) and a corresponding fundamental duty. It underscored the shared responsibility of the state and parents in ensuring elementary education for all children, aligning with the goal of universal literacy.