Special Safeguards — Landmark Judgments

Landmark Judgments

Indra Sawhney v. Union of India

1992

This nine-judge bench decision fundamentally shaped reservation policy by establishing the 50% ceiling on total reservations, introducing the creamy layer concept for OBCs, and…

M. Nagaraj v. Union of India

2006

This judgment upheld constitutional amendments enabling SC/ST reservation in promotions while introducing the 'triple test' requiring states to demonstrate inadequate…

Jarnail Singh v. Lachhmi Narain Gupta

2018

This judgment clarified that SC/STs need not satisfy the quantifiable data requirement for promotion reservations, recognizing their special constitutional status. It…