Tribal Land Rights — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
73rd Amendment	1992	Added Part IX to the Constitution establishing Panchayati Raj institutions, but initially excluded Scheduled Areas from its purview, recognizing the need for special arrangements in tribal areas.	Led to the enactment of PESA Act 1996 to extend Panchayati Raj to Scheduled Areas while preserving traditional governance systems and tribal autonomy over land and resources.
74th Amendment	1992	Established urban local bodies but included provisions to protect tribal areas from uniform application, maintaining special administrative arrangements in tribal regions.	Reinforced the principle of differentiated governance for tribal areas and supported the constitutional framework for protecting tribal land rights through special administrative mechanisms.