Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
Social Justice & Welfare
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Version 1Updated 9 Mar 2026
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The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 inserted Article 21A in the Constitution of India to provide Right to Education as a Fundamental Right. It states that 'The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.' This amendment paved the way for the Right of Children to Free and Co…
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- Launch: 2001
- Objective: Universal Elementary Education (UEE) for 6-14 years.
- Constitutional Basis: Article 21A (86th Amendment, 2002).
- Legislative Link: RTE Act, 2009.
- Funding: Evolved from 75:25 to 60:40 (Centre:State) for most states; 90:10 for NE/Himalayan states.
- Key Components: Infrastructure, teacher training, free textbooks, community participation.
- Achievements: Significant increase in enrollment, reduction in out-of-school children, improved infrastructure.
- Challenges: Learning outcomes, quality of education, teacher absenteeism.
- Merger: Subsumed into Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan in 2018.
SSA-TIGER
- Sarva: Schools & Sanitation (Infrastructure)
- Shiksha: Students & Social Equity (Enrollment & Inclusion)
- Abhiyan: Article 21A & Access (Constitutional basis & reach)
- Teacher: Training & Teacher Recruitment (Human resources)
- Infrastructure: Improved Facilities (Classrooms, water, toilets)
- Gender: Gender Parity & Girls' Education (Equity focus)
- Enrollment: Enhanced Enrollment & Elimination of Out-of-School Children (Key achievement)
- RTE: Right to Education Act (Legislative linkage)