Contemporary Issues in Social Justice — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
103rd Constitutional Amendment Act	2019	Introduced Article 15(6) and Article 16(6) to the Constitution, providing for a 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) among citizens not covered by existing reservations for SCs, STs, and OBCs.	This amendment significantly altered the landscape of affirmative action in India, extending reservation benefits based on economic criteria rather than solely social and educational backwardness. It has been upheld by the Supreme Court, sparking debates on the foundational principles of reservation and its future direction. It aims to address economic disparities across all communities.