Correlation vs Causation — MCQ Practice
Interactive MCQ Practice
Test your knowledge. Click “Solve” to reveal options, select your answer, then check the result. 5 questions available.
Consider the following statements regarding correlation and causation: 1. A strong positive correlation between two variables always implies that one causes the other. 2. Confounding variables can create a spurious correlation between two unrelated phenomena. 3. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are generally considered the most robust method for establishing causation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In a city, it was observed that as the number of ice cream vendors increased during summer, the number of drowning incidents also increased. A local newspaper headline read: 'Ice Cream Sales Cause Rise in Drownings!' Which of the following best describes the logical fallacy in the newspaper's headline?
A study found a strong positive correlation between the number of hours spent studying for the CSAT and the score obtained. However, researchers cautioned that this does not necessarily mean 'studying more causes higher scores.' Which of the following could be a valid reason for this caution? 1. Students with higher innate intelligence might naturally study more and also score higher. 2. Students who are more motivated might study more and also prepare more effectively. 3. The study might have only included students who already had a strong academic background. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic typically required to establish a strong claim of causation between two variables X and Y?
A government implements a new policy (Policy A) aimed at reducing unemployment. After six months, unemployment rates show a significant decline. A minister claims, 'Policy A has successfully caused the reduction in unemployment.' Which of the following factors, if true, would most weaken the minister's claim of direct causation? 1. A global economic boom started simultaneously with the implementation of Policy A. 2. A separate, unrelated government program (Program B) targeting job creation was also launched at the same time. 3. The unemployment rate was already on a downward trend before Policy A was implemented. Select the correct answer using the code given below: