Article 48A and 51A(g) — Environmental Laws

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Constitutional Amendment Act	1976	This landmark amendment introduced Article 48A into Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) and Article 51A(g) into Part IVA (Fundamental Duties) of the Indian Constitution. It was a comprehensive amendment that significantly altered various parts of the Constitution.	It formally embedded environmental protection as a constitutional mandate for both the State and its citizens, providing a legal and moral framework for environmental governance. It laid the foundation for subsequent environmental legislation and judicial activism in India.

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• Correlation vs causation
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