Article 48A and 51A(g) — Environmental Cases

Environmental Cases

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Ganga Pollution Case)

1987

This landmark case series highlighted the Supreme Court's proactive role in environmental protection. The Court issued extensive directions to municipalities and industries to…

Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India

1996

This case dealt with severe pollution caused by tanneries in Tamil Nadu. The Supreme Court explicitly recognized and incorporated the 'Precautionary Principle' and the 'Polluter…

T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

1997

This is an ongoing series of cases that began with a petition concerning illegal timber felling in the Nilgiris. The Supreme Court's orders have had a far-reaching impact on…

Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar

1991

In this case, the Supreme Court unequivocally declared that the 'right to life' under Article 21 of the Constitution includes the 'right to enjoyment of pollution-free water and…

Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India

1996

This case involved severe groundwater pollution caused by hazardous chemical industries in Rajasthan. The Supreme Court applied the 'Absolute Liability' principle, holding that…

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