Professional Ethics — Ethical Standards

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
Companies Act Amendment	2013	Section 135 mandated Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for companies meeting specified criteria, requiring 2% of average net profits to be spent on CSR activities. This created new professional ethics obligations for corporate leaders to balance profit maximization with social responsibility.	Transformed corporate professional ethics by making social responsibility legally mandatory rather than voluntary, creating new accountability mechanisms and stakeholder expectations for corporate professionals.
Medical Council of India Regulations	2002	Comprehensive revision of medical ethics regulations addressing informed consent, patient confidentiality, professional competence, and relationship with pharmaceutical companies. Established detailed guidelines for medical practice and professional conduct.	Modernized medical professional ethics to address contemporary healthcare challenges, strengthened patient rights, and created clearer accountability standards for medical professionals.