Human Values — Ethical Standards

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment	1976	Added the words 'socialist' and 'secular' to the Preamble, reflecting values of economic justice and religious tolerance. Also added Fundamental Duties in Article 51A, which explicitly mention values like patriotism, harmony, scientific temper, and environmental protection.	Constitutionally recognized that governance must be guided by specific human values and that citizens have duties to promote these values, not just rights to claim their protection
86th Amendment	2002	Made education a fundamental right under Article 21A and added corresponding duty in Article 51A(k) for parents to ensure children's education. This reflects the value that human development through education is essential for dignity and social progress.	Elevated education from a policy goal to a constitutional value, recognizing that human dignity requires access to knowledge and skills for meaningful participation in society