Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude·Landmark Cases

Human Values — Landmark Cases

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Version 1Updated 5 Mar 2026

Landmark Cases

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala

1973

This landmark judgment established the basic structure doctrine, which recognized that certain fundamental values like human dignity, equality, and democratic governance are so…

Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India

1978

This case revolutionized the understanding of fundamental rights by recognizing that human values like dignity, fairness, and reasonableness are inherent in constitutional…

Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan

1997

This judgment recognized that human values like dignity, equality, and respect must be actively protected in workplace environments. The Court established guidelines for…

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