Western Moral Philosophers — Mains Questions

Analyze the ethical frameworks of Aristotle and John Stuart Mill in the context of designing a public welfare program. How would each philosopher approach the design of such a program, and what tensions might arise between their approaches?

Explain how Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative and John Rawls' theory of justice can be applied to analyze the fairness of affirmative action policies in India. What ethical principles support such policies, and what ethical concerns do they raise?

Discuss how Martha Nussbaum's capabilities approach offers a different perspective on justice and development compared to utilitarian and rights-based approaches. What are the implications of this approach for designing development policies in India?