Contributions of Moral Thinkers and Philosophers — Revision Notes

⚡ 30-Second Revision

Mill: distinguish disapproval from a harm-based case for interference.
Rawls: assess rules without knowing one's future social position.
Gandhi: self-rule includes self-responsibility.
Philosophical argument ≠ verified quotation ≠ current legal rule.

2-Minute Revision

For each thinker, write the question, principle, reasoning and one difficult case. Compare arguments on a shared problem. The veil of ignorance removes knowledge of personal position, not the need for social evidence. A liberty argument does not itself determine Indian constitutional law. Use verified sources and explain the inference in original words.

5-Minute Revision

A hypothetical town must locate a public facility. Test two rules: maximise total visits, or ensure a minimum access level for the least-served settlement before optimising use. Describe how an unknown future residential position changes the assessment. Then identify empirical information still needed, including travel time, needs and cost. Explain why a fairness thought experiment does not supply those facts.

Vyyuha Quick Recall

P-A-O-R: Principle, Application, Objection, Response. Use this sequence to turn a thinker’s contribution into an argument.