Monetary Policy and Banking

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RBI established 1935, nationalized 1949 • MPC: 6 members, 4% inflation target ±2% • Repo rate: primary policy tool, currently 6.50% • CRR: 4.50%, SLR: 18% • 12 PSBs post-consolidation • Basel III: 11.5% CRAR, 5.5% CET1 • NPA: 90+ days overdue • UPI: 10+ billion monthly transactions • CBDC pilots: wholesale and retail • Jan Dhan: 50+ crore accounts • Payment banks: ₹2 lakh deposit limit • Small finance banks: 75% priority sector • NABARD: rural development apex bank • DICGC: ₹5 lakh deposit insurance • IBC 2016: insolvency resolution • SARFAESI: asset recovery without court • Financial inclusion: JAM trinity • Digital banking: UPI, IMPS, RTGS, NEFT • Green finance: ESG integration • Fintech: regulatory sandbox approach • COVID response: ₹12.8 lakh crore liquidity • Banking ombudsman: grievance redressal • PCA framework: early intervention • Stress testing: resilience assessment • Account aggregator: data sharing • Cryptocurrency: regulatory uncertainty • Climate risk: mandatory disclosures • FSDC: financial stability coordination • RRB: 43 banks, rural focus • UCB: community banking • NBFC: ₹30+ lakh crore assets • API banking: fintech integration