Urban Settlements — Policy Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
74th Constitutional Amendment Act	1992	This amendment granted constitutional status to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) or municipalities. It added Part IX-A and the Twelfth Schedule to the Constitution, dealing with the provisions related to municipalities.	It institutionalized urban local self-governance, mandating the establishment of Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations. It ensured democratic functioning, fixed tenure, reservations for SC/ST and women, and devolved powers and responsibilities for urban planning, economic development, and social justice to ULBs. This was a landmark step towards decentralization and strengthening urban governance in India.

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