Coastal Plains and Islands — Policy Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
CRZ Notification, 2011	2011	This notification superseded the 1991 CRZ Notification, aiming to ensure livelihood security to the fishing communities and other local communities living in the coastal areas, conserve and protect the coastal environment, and promote sustainable development. It refined the classification of CRZ areas and introduced specific provisions for ecologically sensitive areas.	Provided a more nuanced and detailed regulatory framework for coastal development, attempting to balance environmental protection with the needs of coastal communities and infrastructure development. It introduced the concept of Coastal Zone Management Plans (CZMPs) prepared by states.
CRZ Notification, 2018 (superseding 2011)	2018	The latest comprehensive revision, the CRZ Notification, 2018, further streamlined the clearance process, promoted tourism, and allowed for more development in certain areas while strengthening environmental safeguards in others. It introduced a 'No Development Zone' of 20 meters for all islands and a floor space index (FSI) relaxation for certain projects.	Aimed at boosting economic activity in coastal regions, particularly tourism and infrastructure, while also emphasizing conservation of ecologically sensitive areas like mangroves and coral reefs. It sought to simplify the regulatory regime for ease of doing business and to address the specific needs of island territories.
Island Protection Zone (IPZ) Notification, 2011 (for Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep)	2011	This notification specifically governs the Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands, recognizing their unique ecological fragility and strategic importance. It aims to conserve the island ecosystems, regulate development, and protect the rights of indigenous communities. It categorizes island areas into different zones with specific restrictions.	Provided a dedicated and stringent regulatory framework for the highly sensitive island ecosystems, distinct from the mainland CRZ. It focused on preserving biodiversity, protecting tribal populations, and ensuring sustainable development practices unique to island environments.

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