River Linking Projects — Policy Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
Not a specific constitutional amendment, but legislative updates	2019	The Inter-State River Water Disputes (Amendment) Bill, 2019, was passed by the Lok Sabha (though not enacted into law). It proposed to streamline the adjudication of inter-state river water disputes by establishing a single, permanent Inter-State River Water Disputes Tribunal with multiple benches, replacing the existing system of ad-hoc tribunals. It also mandated a strict timeline for dispute resolution (2 years for tribunal decision, 1 year for Centre to notify).	Aimed to expedite the resolution of water disputes, which are a major bottleneck for river linking projects. If enacted, it would significantly alter the legal landscape for water resource management and potentially facilitate faster clearances for inter-state water transfer schemes by providing a more efficient dispute resolution mechanism. This is crucial for projects like NRLP that inherently involve multiple states.
National Water Policy (Revision)	2012 (Latest Revision)	The National Water Policy, though not a constitutional amendment, is a significant policy document that guides water resource management. The 2012 revision emphasized integrated water resource management, the need for inter-basin transfers, and the importance of environmental considerations, participatory approaches, and water pricing. It also recognized water as an economic good.	Provided a policy framework that, while supporting inter-basin transfers, also stressed sustainability, equity, and environmental protection. It influenced the approach to river linking projects by advocating for comprehensive environmental impact assessments and addressing social concerns, moving beyond a purely engineering-centric view. This policy forms the basis for current government approaches to water resource planning and river linking.

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