Indian & World Geography·Key Cases & Reports

Indian Geography - Human — Key Cases & Reports

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Version 1Updated 7 Mar 2026

Key Cases & Reports

Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation

1985

This landmark judgment recognized the 'right to livelihood' as an integral part of the fundamental 'right to life' under Article 21 of the Constitution. It specifically addressed…

S.R. Bommai v. Union of India

1994

While primarily a political geography case concerning the misuse of Article 356 (President's Rule), it reinforced the secular character of the Indian Constitution as a basic…

Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (Mandal Commission Case)

1992

This landmark judgment upheld the constitutional validity of reservations for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in public employment, albeit with certain conditions like the 'creamy…

T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka

2002

This judgment clarified the rights of linguistic and religious minorities to establish and administer educational institutions under Article 30(1) of the Constitution. It affirmed…

Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India

2000

This case dealt with the environmental and social impacts of large dam projects, specifically the Sardar Sarovar Dam on the Narmada River, and the rights of project-affected…

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