Africa and Others — Mains Questions

Analyze the geographical factors that make Africa a continent of immense potential yet facing significant developmental challenges. Discuss how physical geography influences economic opportunities and constraints across different regions of Africa.

Examine the strategic importance of island nations in the Indian Ocean for India's maritime security and economic interests. How do geographical factors influence their vulnerability to climate change?

Critically evaluate the role of the Antarctic Treaty System in managing territorial claims and promoting international cooperation. Discuss the emerging challenges to this framework in the context of climate change and resource exploration.