Indian & World Geography·Policy Changes

Sustainable Development — Policy Changes

Constitution VerifiedUPSC Verified
Version 1Updated 7 Mar 2026
EntryYearDescriptionImpact
42nd Amendment Act1976This amendment, often called the 'Mini-Constitution,' introduced significant changes to the Indian Constitution, including the insertion of two crucial articles related to environmental protection.It inserted Article 48A, a Directive Principle of State Policy, obligating the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife. It also added Article 51A(g) as a Fundamental Duty, making it the duty of every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment. These amendments provided a constitutional mandate for environmental conservation and sustainable practices in India.
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