Mineral Resources — Policy Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act	2015	Introduced auction-based allocation of major mineral concessions, replacing the discretionary 'first-come, first-served' system. Established District Mineral Foundations (DMFs) and the National Mineral Exploration Trust (NMET).	Enhanced transparency, increased state revenue, addressed welfare of mining-affected communities, and boosted mineral exploration.
Mineral Laws (Amendment) Ordinance/Act	2020	Allowed transfer of mining leases granted through auction without premium payment. Removed restrictions on captive mines selling up to 50% of their annual output in the open market.	Promoted ease of doing business, encouraged investment in the mining sector, and increased mineral availability in the market.
Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act	2021	Further streamlined the auction process, allowed for the sale of minerals from captive mines without end-use restrictions, and empowered the central government to conduct auctions for states in certain cases.	Aimed to boost mineral production, reduce imports, and ensure continuity of mining operations by extending the validity of certain leases.

Also build Paper II skills

Regional comparisons and process chains train the same coherence and inference habits CSAT passages demand. CSAT hub.

• Data interpretation
• Estimation techniques
• Logical deductions