Indian & World Geography·Key Cases & Reports
Natural Resources — Key Cases & Reports
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Version 1Updated 7 Mar 2026
Key Cases & Reports
M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Ganga Pollution Case)
1987This landmark case highlighted the judiciary's proactive role in environmental protection. The Supreme Court issued directions to municipalities and industries to prevent…
Vellore Citizens' Welfare Forum v. Union of India
1996This case formally incorporated the 'Precautionary Principle' and the 'Polluter Pays Principle' into Indian environmental jurisprudence. The Supreme Court directed the closure of…
T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India (Forest Case)
1996 onwardsThis ongoing series of judgments has profoundly impacted forest governance in India. The Supreme Court expanded the definition of 'forest' to include any area recorded as forest…