Climate-induced Disasters — Policy Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
N/A (Act, not Amendment)	2005	The National Disaster Management Act, 2005, is a comprehensive parliamentary act, not a constitutional amendment. It was enacted to provide for the effective management of disasters and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. It established the institutional mechanisms for disaster management in India, including the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs), and District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs).	This Act revolutionized India's approach to disaster management, shifting from a relief-centric to a holistic, proactive approach encompassing prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and rehabilitation. It provided a legal and institutional framework for coordinated action across various levels of government and stakeholders, significantly enhancing India's capacity to respond to and reduce risks from all types of disasters, including those induced by climate change. It mandates the formulation of national, state, and district disaster management plans.
N/A (Policy Evolution)	2016	While not a legal amendment, the National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) was formulated in 2016, aligning India's disaster management efforts with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030). This plan provides a framework for all government agencies to work together towards disaster risk reduction and management.	The NDMP 2016 marked a significant policy evolution, integrating global best practices and emphasizing a multi-hazard approach. It outlined specific actions for prevention, mitigation, response, and recovery across various disaster types, including those exacerbated by climate change. Its focus on 'Build Back Better' and community resilience has been instrumental in shaping India's contemporary disaster management strategies, ensuring a more comprehensive and forward-looking approach to climate-induced challenges.

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