Administrative Policies

Regulating Act 1773: First parliamentary control, Governor-General of Bengal, Supreme Court.
Pitt's India Act 1784: Board of Control, separated commercial/political, strengthened Governor-General.
Charter Act 1833: Ended Company's commercial role, Governor-General of India, centralized legislature.
Charter Act 1853: Open competition for ICS, separated legislative/executive functions.
Government of India Act 1858: End of Company rule, Crown direct rule, Viceroy, Secretary of State.
Permanent Settlement 1793: Cornwallis, Zamindars as owners, fixed revenue in Bengal.
Ryotwari System: Munro/Read, direct settlement with cultivators, revised revenue.
Mahalwari System: Holt Mackenzie, village community settlement, North-West Provinces.
Cornwallis Code 1793: Judicial reforms, separation of powers, codified laws, police reorganization.
Police Act 1861: Uniform provincial police force, Inspector-General.
Lord Ripon 1882: Father of Local Self-Government, elected local boards.
Government of India Act 1935: Provincial autonomy, dyarchy at Centre, federal court, power division.

Vyyuha Quick Recall: GRACE

G - Governance Acts: Remember the sequence and key provisions of major acts. Governor-Generals and Viceroys: Associate key reforms with specific administrators (e.g., Cornwallis Code, Ripon's Local Self-Government).

R - Revenue Systems: Differentiate Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, Mahalwari by region, founder, and core features. Reforms (Judicial & Police): Recall the Cornwallis Code for judiciary and Police Act 1861 for police.

A - Administrative Structure: Understand the shift from Company to Crown rule (1858) and the 'steel frame' of the ICS. Autonomy (Provincial): Link this to the Government of India Act 1935 and its significance.

C - Civil Services: Trace its evolution from patronage to competition (Charter Act 1853) and its role. Constitutional Development: Connect administrative policies to the gradual introduction of legislative councils and limited self-governance.

E - Exploitation vs. Efficiency: Critically analyze the dual nature of British policies – how 'efficiency' often served 'exploitation'. Economic Impact: Remember how administrative policies facilitated economic drain and shaped agrarian relations.