Basics of Cyber Security — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the evolution of India's cyber security legal framework, from the IT Act 2000 to the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023. Discuss its effectiveness in addressing contemporary cyber threats and challenges.

The protection of Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) is paramount for India's national security. Discuss the major threats to India's CII and the institutional mechanisms in place to safeguard it. What further steps are needed?

Emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and 5G present both opportunities and significant security challenges for India. Elaborate on these challenges and suggest measures to mitigate them.