Coastal Security Scheme — Legal Reforms

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
Phase-I	2005	The initial phase of the Coastal Security Scheme, launched in 2005, focused on establishing the foundational elements of coastal policing. It aimed to create a dedicated Marine Police Force in coastal states/UTs and provide basic infrastructure and equipment. This included setting up 73 Coastal Police Stations (CPS) and procuring 204 interceptor boats, along with vehicles and communication equipment.	Laid the groundwork for a structured coastal security framework, initiating the process of capacity building for state police in maritime domain. It marked the first organized effort to create a civilian coastal law enforcement agency, moving beyond ad-hoc arrangements.
Phase-II	2009	Following the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks, Phase-II was launched with significantly enhanced scope and funding. It aimed to further strengthen the Marine Police, expand the network of Coastal Police Stations, and introduce more advanced equipment. This phase added 131 new CPS, 200 more advanced interceptor boats, and emphasized the establishment of a coastal radar chain and community interaction programs.	Dramatically scaled up coastal security infrastructure and capabilities, directly addressing the vulnerabilities exposed by 26/11. It shifted the focus towards a more integrated and technologically driven approach, making the Indian Coast Guard the nodal agency for coastal security coordination.
Phase-III (Ongoing)	Post-2014	The ongoing Phase-III (or subsequent initiatives post-2014) focuses on consolidating the gains, addressing operational gaps, and integrating advanced technology for comprehensive Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA). Key initiatives include full operationalization of the National Coastal Security Grid, deployment of AIS transponders on fishing vessels, use of drones, enhanced training, and a strong emphasis on maintenance and sustainability of assets.	Aims to create a 'smart' and integrated coastal security network, leveraging technology for real-time surveillance and intelligence. It focuses on improving the operational readiness and sustainability of assets, ensuring better inter-agency coordination, and fostering community participation for a truly layered defence.