Security Operations — Legal Reforms

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
UAPA Amendment	2019	The 2019 amendment to UAPA empowered the central government to designate individuals as terrorists, not just organizations. It also strengthened NIA's powers and enhanced provisions for attachment of terrorist property.	Significantly enhanced the legal framework for counter-terrorism operations by allowing individual designation and providing more tools for investigation and prosecution of terrorism cases.
NIA Amendment	2019	The NIA Act was amended to expand the agency's jurisdiction to investigate cyber-terrorism and offences against Indians abroad. It also allowed NIA to investigate cases without state government consent in certain circumstances.	Strengthened central government's capacity to investigate terrorism cases and reduced dependency on state cooperation, enhancing the effectiveness of counter-terrorism operations.