Left Wing Extremism — Predicted 2026

AI-Predicted Question Angles for UPSC 2026

Based on trend analysis, current affairs, and recurring themes in Left Wing Extremism.

Effectiveness of SAMADHAN and its challenges in achieving 'hearts and minds'.

High

The SAMADHAN strategy is the government's flagship policy against LWE. UPSC consistently tests the effectiveness and challenges of major government initiatives. A critical analysis of its success in both security operations and winning over local populations (the 'hearts and minds' aspect) is a perennial favorite. Questions will likely probe the implementation gaps in development, the sustainability of security gains, and the long-term impact on affected communities. This angle allows for a comprehensive discussion of both the 'stick' and 'carrot' approaches.

The role of governance deficits and PESA implementation in perpetuating LWE.

Medium-High

Despite security successes, the underlying socio-economic grievances, particularly related to tribal rights, land alienation, and forest resource management, remain potent. The PESA Act [VY:POL-15] was designed to address many of these issues, but its implementation has been patchy. UPSC often focuses on the 'root causes' and the efficacy of legal and administrative measures. A question on how governance failures and inadequate PESA implementation contribute to LWE's persistence, and what reforms are needed, is highly probable, linking LWE to broader themes of social justice and administrative reforms.

Comparing LWE with other internal security threats and the concept of 'hybrid warfare'.

Medium

UPSC is increasingly asking questions that require inter-topic connections and a holistic understanding of internal security challenges. Comparing LWE with other forms of terrorism [VY:SEC-09] or insurgency in Northeast India [VY:SEC-10] can highlight unique characteristics and commonalities. Furthermore, the evolving nature of LWE, including urban networks and potential cyber propaganda, might lead to questions on 'hybrid warfare' – where conventional and unconventional tactics, including ideological and information warfare, are employed. This angle tests the aspirant's ability to synthesize knowledge across different internal security domains.