Fundamental Rights and Duties — Landmark Judgments

Landmark Judgments

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala

1973

This landmark 13-judge bench decision established the basic structure doctrine, holding that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution to destroy its basic features. The Court…

Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India

1978

This case revolutionized the interpretation of Article 21 by establishing that the right to life and personal liberty cannot be deprived except by procedure established by law…

ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla

1976

Known as the Habeas Corpus case, this controversial 4:1 majority decision held that during emergency, when Article 21 is suspended, no person has any locus standi to approach any…

Minerva Mills v. Union of India

1980

This case reaffirmed and strengthened the basic structure doctrine by striking down clauses (4) and (5) of Article 368 inserted by the 42nd Amendment. The Court held that the…

Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India

2017

This historic 9-judge bench decision unanimously recognized the right to privacy as a fundamental right under Articles 14, 19, and 21. The judgment overruled earlier decisions in…

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