42nd Amendment Changes — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
44th Amendment	1978	Reversed many provisions of the 42nd Amendment after the Emergency ended and Janata Party came to power. Restored five-year terms for Lok Sabha and State Assemblies, strengthened emergency safeguards, and removed restrictions on parliamentary proceedings publication.	Restored democratic safeguards and judicial powers while retaining some 42nd Amendment provisions like Preamble changes and Fundamental Duties, showing selective acceptance of Emergency-era constitutional changes.
86th Amendment	2002	Added the 11th Fundamental Duty under Article 51A, requiring parents/guardians to provide education opportunities to children aged 6-14 years, complementing the fundamental duties framework established by the 42nd Amendment.	Expanded the Fundamental Duties framework originally created by the 42nd Amendment, linking it with the Right to Education and showing the continuing evolution of constitutional obligations.

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