42nd Amendment Changes — Landmark Judgments

Landmark Judgments

Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India

1980

This landmark judgment struck down key provisions of the 42nd Amendment, particularly the expanded Article 31C and amendments to Article 368. The Court held that Parliament's…

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala

1973

Though decided before the 42nd Amendment, this case established the basic structure doctrine that later became crucial in challenging the amendment's provisions. The 13-judge…

Waman Rao v. Union of India

1981

This case clarified the scope of Article 31C as amended by the 42nd Amendment and its interaction with the basic structure doctrine. The Court held that laws placed in the Ninth…

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