Amendment Procedure — Landmark Judgments

Landmark Judgments

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala

1973

This landmark 13-judge bench decision established the basic structure doctrine, fundamentally altering the constitutional amendment landscape. The Court held that while Parliament…

Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India

1980

This case further developed the basic structure doctrine by striking down key provisions of the 42nd Amendment that attempted to place constitutional amendments beyond judicial…

I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu

2007

This 9-judge bench decision comprehensively reviewed the basic structure doctrine and its application to constitutional amendments. The Court held that all constitutional…

Golak Nath v. State of Punjab

1967

This case initially restricted Parliament's power to amend fundamental rights, holding that fundamental rights are transcendental and immutable, and Parliament cannot abridge or…

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